Although this action surprised Israel, it was closely related to tensions and military clashes that had taken place much earlier along Israel's borders, especially. The military countdown to the war started on May 15, 1967, with the crossing of the first Egyptian tanks from the Suez Canal into the Sinai. It took three weeks of waiting and six days of fighting to change the face of the Middle East. Ultimately, this paper examines how Quandt, Chamberlin, Yaqub, and Mitelpunkt approach the 1973 Yom Kippur War and how their conclusions comprise a rich historiography through analyzing US-Arab and US-Israeli relations. Therefore, their conclusions about the US-Arab and US-Israeli relations depends on their approach, where each emphasize American, Palestinian, Egyptian, and military records, respectively - insinuating that different actors played different major roles in the 1973 War and its outcomes. Historians William Quandt, Paul Chamberlin, Salim Yaqub, and Shaul Mitelpunkt approach the two relations differently. For the purposes of this historiographical paper, complex US-Middle Eastern relations can be broken down into two parts: US-Arab relations and US-Israel relations.
For historians, the Cold War context raises interesting questions about the history of US-Middle East relations in the 1970’s and beyond, such as: How did the Yom Kippur War affect US-Middle East relations and who did the US support? Why did Richard Nixon approve US intervention in Israel and what were the outcomes? The US plays a major role in the war, and different historians interpret the US intervention through various analyses. Since the Yom Kippur War represents Cold War tensions, its causes, consequences, and implications are crucial for historical understanding of the time period and foreign relations that accompany it.
#Yom kipper war series
The 1973 Yom Kippur War – the final war in the series of Israeli-Arab wars, illuminates the Cold War hyper-political tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union, where the Middle Eastern states did not engage in a proxy war, but rather a symbolic war that represents Cold War pressures between the United States and the Soviet Union.
#Yom kipper war full
It is crucial to note that during the midst of the Israeli-Arab wars, the Cold War was in full swing, where support and fights against communism and capitalism were at its peak. At the time, Israel, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan were at war with each other in battles over land, where in the 1968 war, or most famously known as the Six Day War, Israel conquered massive amounts of land in the Middle East - disrupting centuries-old land borders. Despite the victory, Israel’s near-defeat by the Arab nations highlighted her continued vulnerability.Between 19, the Middle East was rocked with immense political instability due to wars in the region. Prisoners of war were exchanged, and the Arab world ended its oil embargo. Israel also withdrew from parts of the Sinai. As per these limited agreements, Israel withdrew from all areas it had acquired from Syria during the 1973 war, and some territory from the 1967 war. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger’s “shuttle diplomacy” were disengagement treaties signed by the parties. Efforts for peace treaties at that point failed, and only a year later following U.S. When hostilities stopped later that month, the Israeli army held an additional 165 square miles of territory from Syria and had encircled the Egyptian Third Army by the Suez Canal. The war officially ended with a U.N.-declared cease-fire, but fighting continued. In response, Saudi Arabia led the Arab world in an oil embargo directed against the United States and other western nations. Following an Egyptian refusal to accept a cease-fire and a Soviet airlift of military equipment to bolster Egyptian forces, the United States sent an airlift to Israel enabling her to recover from the first blow and inflict damage on Egypt and Syria. Caught by surprise, in the war's initial days, Israel suffered severe losses of life, military equipment, and territory, abruptly shattering the euphoria the country had experienced since its show of strength six years earlier.
The attack was on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar, Yom Kippur. On October 6, 1973, Egypt and Syria attacked Israel in an effort to force Israel to surrender the land gained in the 1967 Six Day War.
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